As chemo-drugs are mainly designed to kill cells with capacities of rapid dividing, i.e., cancer cells. However, stem cells residing in normal tissues/organs also divide quickly, so they will be affected or even killed by the chemo-drugs too. It therefore understandable that chemo-drugs will induce side effects by destroying stem cells that normally reside in tissues/organs, while they kill cancer cells. For example, the damage of resident stem cells at the gastrointestinal tract will cause nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. In addition, the metabolites of certain chemo-drugs will also inhibit the feeding center of the brain and reduce to appetite. To alleviate or improve the symptoms, it is recommended to follow the instructions below:
Avoid eating at 1 hour before and also 2 hours after chemotherapy if you have experienced nausea or vomiting from previous cycles of treatment. In addition, if you feel nauseated after waking up in the morning, you may want to eat dry foods (such as cereals, bread, or toast) before getting out of bed for more comfort.
Eat slowly and eat smaller, more frequent meals, and take high-calorie foods when you have a good appetite. Avoid gas-producing foods or drinking too much liquid to reduce the feeling of fullness.
Keep a light diet and avoid foods and beverages that may be over-sweet or greasy (such as candy, cakes, fried chicken, soda, etc.).
Chew carefully and swallow slowly. Take your time to allow foods to be well digested.
Have moderate exercise 5-10 minutes before meals to stimulate appetite. Try not to lie down on your back at 2 hours post meals, and try to take deep breaths or slow down your breathing rate if feeling nauseous.
Have some acidic foods or seasonings (e.g., lemon, kiwi, citrus, plum juice, or black vinegar) to reduce nausea and vomiting, and also promote appetite.
Take antiemetics as prescribed by your doctor.
Enhance oral care to reduce odor and promote appetite. Dine with family or friends can promote motivation to eat.
Let the patients choose their foods and change the menu frequently.